Accurate deformable registration between CT and cone-beam CT (CBCT) images of pancreatic cancer patients treated with high radiation doses is highly desirable for assessing changes in organ-at-risk (OAR) locations and shapes at treatment. The objective of this dataset is to provide a means of evaluating the performance of CT-to-CBCT deformable registration and auto-segmentation algorithms for delineating OARs. The data were retrospectively obtained with IRB approval from 40 patients who received ablative radiation therapy (>= 100Gy biologically effective dose) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
The images (one treatment planning CT and two CBCT scans from each patient) were acquired during a deep inspiration breath-hold verified with an external respiratory monitor. The planning CT was acquired with a diagnostic-quality scanner in helical mode with iodinated contrast. The kilovoltage CBCT scans were acquired without contrast and with the patient in the treatment position. Most of these (58 out of 80) were limited-view scans that were acquired with a 200-degree gantry rotation, resulting in faster acquisition and increased likelihood that the scan was acquired in a single breath hold. The limited-view CBCT scans had 25cm reconstructed diameter and 18cm length. The remaining 22 CBCT scans were acquired with 360-degree gantry rotation and were subsequently cropped to the same reconstructed dimensions as the limited-view scans. Each CBCT image was rigidly registered to the planning CT by aligning to an implanted fiducial marker or to a stent implanted during surgery. The CBCT was then resampled to match the voxel dimensions and volume of the planning CT.
A volume of interest (VOI) was defined on the planning CT by expanding the microscopic-dose planning target volume by 1cm. Its purpose was to define a volume fully contained within both the planning CT and CBCT reconstruction volumes while excluding the periphery of the CBCT volume which was subject to cupping artifacts. It included the portions of the OARs receiving moderate to high dose. On the planning CT and each of the CBCT scans, two OAR volumes were delineated by a radiation oncologist: (1) stomach with the first two segments of duodenum, and (2) the remainder of the small bowel. On the CBCT scans, only the portions of the OARs within the VOI were delineated, whereas on the planning CT scans, the OAR delineations extended up to 2 cm outside of the VOI (in some cases contours may extend beyond these limits). The manual delineation was distributed among six radiation oncologists, such that the same physician completed all images belonging to the same patient. The contours were subsequently reviewed by two trained medical physicists and edited as needed to adhere to delineation guidelines.
With this dataset researchers will be able to test the performance of deformable registration and auto-segmentation algorithms by comparison to physician-drawn OAR segmentations; an example can be found in a publication by Xu et al. * Cone(see Citations and Data Usage below) Cone-beam CT scans of the pancreatic disease site are particularly challenging because of the presence of residual-motion-induced image artifacts such as blurring, streaking, x-ray scatter, as well as cupping artifacts from the limited-view acquisition. OAR structures in the CBCT often have limited visibility owing to the lack of contrast and the presence of gas pockets. Currently there is a lack of reliable CT-to-CBCT deformable image registration tools for soft tissues in abdomen. This dataset is unique from existing TCIA collections in that the context is focused on CBCT-guided radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer, the images are acquired with deep-inspiration breath-hold, and physician-drawn segmentations of organs at risk provide a criterion standard for testing registration and auto-segmentation algorithms.* Han, X., Hong, J., Reyngold, M., Crane, C., Cuaron, J., Hajj, C., Mann, J., Zinovoy, M., Greer, H., Yorke, E., Mageras, G., & Niethammer, M. (2021). Deep‐learning‐based image registration and automatic segmentation of organs‐at‐risk in cone‐beam CT scans from high‐dose radiation treatment of pancreatic cancer. In Medical Physics (Vol. 48, Issue 6, pp. 3084–3095). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.14906
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