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Localtab
activetrue
titleData Access

Data Access

Click the Download button to save a ".tcia" manifest file to your computer, which you must open with the NBIA Data Retriever. Click the Search button to open our Data Portal, where you can browse the data collection and/or download a subset of its contents.

Data Type
Download all or Query/Filter

Images (DICOM, 163.6GB)


Click the Versions tab for more info about data releases.


Localtab
titleDetailed Description

Detailed Description

Collection Statistics


Modalities

MG

Number of Patients

6671

Number of Studies

6775

Number of Series

6775

Number of Images

10239

Image Size (GB)163.6

The CBIS-DDSM contributors have provided the following additional options for download.

Data Type
Download all or Query/Filter
Mass-Training Full Mammogram Images (DICOM)
 
Mass-Training ROI and Cropped Images (DICOM)
 
Calc-Training Full Mammogram Images (DICOM)
 

Calc-Training ROI and Cropped Images (DICOM)

Mass-Training-Description (csv)

Calc-Traininig-Description (csv)

Mass-Test Full Mammogram Images (DICOM)

Mass-Test ROI and Cropped Images (DICOM)

Calc-Test Full Mammogram Images (DICOM)

Calc-Test ROI and Cropped Images (DICOM)

Mass-Test-Description (csv)

Calc-Test-Description (csv)


The CBIS-DDSM was created from DDSM by undertaking the following specific procedures:


1) Removal of questionable mass cases

Not all DDSM ROI annotations include suspicious lesions. Due to this issue, a trained mammographer reviewed the questionable cases. In this process, 254 images were identified in which a mass was not clearly seen. These images were removed from the final data set. 


2) Image Decompression

DDSM images are distributed as lossless JPEG files (LJPEG); an obsolete image format. The only library capable of decompressing these images is the Stanford PVRG-JPEG Codec v1.1, which was last updated in 1993. To address this the PVRG-JPEG codec was modified to successfully compile on an OSX 10.10.5 (Yosemite) distribution using Apple GCC clang-602.0.53. The decompression code outputs data in 8-bit raw binary bitmaps. Python tools were developed to read this raw data and store it as 16-bit gray scale TIFF files. These files were later converted to DICOM.

This process is entirely lossless and preserved all information from the original DDSM files.


3) Image Processing

The original DDSM files were distributed with a set of bash and C tools for Linux to perform image correction and metadata processing. These tools were very difficult to refactor for use on modern systems. To address this the tools were re-implemented in Python to be cross-platform and easy to understand for modern users. All images in the DDSM were derived from several different scanners at different institutions. The DDSM data descriptions provide methods to convert raw pixel data into 64-bit optical density values, which are standardized across all images. Optical density values were then re-mapped to 16-bit gray scale TIFF files.  The DDSM automatically clips optical density values to be between 0.05 and 3.0 for noise reduction. This clipping occurs in the CBIS-DDSM as well, but the new tools provide a flag to remove the clipping and retain the original optical density values.


4) Image Cropping

Several CAD tasks require only analyzing abnormalities (the portion of the image in the ROI) without needing the full mammogram image. A set of convenience images are also provided, which are focused crops of abnormalities. Abnormalities were cropped by determining the bounding rectangle of the abnormality with respect to its ROI. The square crops were created by extending the shorter edge of the rectangle to be the same size as the long edge. The centroid of the abnormality is located in the center of these square crops.


5) Updating for precision segmentation

Mass margin and shape have long been proven to be significant indicators for diagnosis in mammography. Because of this, many methods are based on developing mathematical descriptions of the tumor outline. Due to the dependence of these methods on accurate ROI segmentation and the imprecise nature of many of the DDSM-provided annotations, a lesion segmentation algorithm (described below) was applied that is initialized by the general, original DDSM contours but is able to supply much more accurate ROIs. This was done only for masses and not calcifications. Lesion segmentation was accomplished by applying a modification to the local level set framework as presented in Chan and Vese11. Level set models follow a non-parametric deformable model, thus can handle topological changes during evolution11. Chan-Vese model is a region-based method that estimates spatial statistics of image regions and finds a minimal energy where the model best fits the image, resulting in convergence of the contour towards the desired object.  This modification of the local framework includes automated evaluation of the local region surrounding each contour point. For low contrast lesions, small local region is determined, and excessive curve evolution is thus prevented. On the other hand, for noisy or heterogeneous lesions, a relatively large local region is assigned to the contour point to prevent convergence of the level set contour into local minima.  Local frameworks require an initialization of the contour, and thus the original DDSM annotation was used as the level set segmentation initialization.


6) Standardized Train/Test splits

The data were split into a training set and a testing set based on the BIRADS category. This allows for an appropriate stratification for researchers working on CADe as well as CADx. The split was obtained using 20% of the cases for testing and the rest for training. The data were split for all mass cases and all calcification cases separately. Here “case” is used to indicate a particular abnormality, seen on both the CC and MLO views.




Localtab
titleCitations & Data Usage Policy

Citations & Data Usage Policy 

 This collection is freely available to browse, download, and use for commercial, scientific and educational purposes as outlined in the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.  See TCIA's Data Usage Policies and Restrictions for additional details. Questions may be directed to help@cancerimagingarchive.net.

Please be sure to include the following citations in your work if you use this data set:

Info
titleCBIS-DDSM Citation

 Rebecca Sawyer Lee, Francisco Gimenez, Assaf Hoogi , Daniel Rubin  (2016). Curated Breast Imaging Subset of DDSM. The Cancer Imaging Archive. http://dx.doi.org/10.7937/K9/TCIA.2016.7O02S9CY


Info
titlePublication Citation

Rebecca Sawyer Lee, Francisco Gimenez, Assaf Hoogi, Kanae Kawai Miyake, Mia Gorovoy & Daniel L. Rubin. (2017) A curated mammography data set for use in computer-aided detection and diagnosis research. Scientific Data volume 4, Article number: 170177 (2017) (link)DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.177


Info
titleTCIA Citation

Clark K, Vendt B, Smith K, Freymann J, Kirby J, Koppel P, Moore S, Phillips S, Maffitt D, Pringle M, Tarbox L, Prior F. The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA): Maintaining and Operating a Public Information Repository, Journal of Digital Imaging, Volume 26, Number 6, December, 2013, pp 1045-1057. (paper). DOI: 10.1007/s10278-013-9622-7

Other Publications Using This Data

TCIA maintains a list of publications that leverage our data. At this time, we are not aware of any publications based on this data, including citations of this Collection. If you have a publication you'd like to add , please contact the TCIA Helpdesk. Some publications that have used this dataset as a resource include:



Localtab
titleVersions

Version 1 (Current): Updated 2017/09/14

 

Data Type
Download all or Query/Filter
Images (DICOM, 163.6GB)

 

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