 Image AddedIntroduction:
The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database (ReMIND) contains pre- and intra-operative data collected on 114 consecutive patients who were surgically treated with image-guided tumor resection between 2018 and 2022. For all patients, preoperative MRI, 3D intraoperative ultrasound series, and intraoperative MRI are available. Additionally, each case typically contains segmentations, including the preoperative tumor, the pre-resection cerebrum, the previous resection cavity derived from the preoperative MRI (if applicable), and any residual tumor identified on the intraoperative MRI. In total, this Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating Suite ( AMIGO) The standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection as the first step. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon’s ability to achieve this, but loses validity due to brain shift as surgery progresses. Moreover, many gliomas are difficult to distinguish from adjacent brain tissue. Intraoperative MRI is a useful intraoperative adjunct which can be used to visualize residual tumor and brain shift. Intraoperative ultrasound is faster and easier to incorporate into the workflow, but provides lower contrast between tissue and normal brain tissue. With the success of data-hungry AI/ML algorithms in advancing the state of the art in medical image analysis, the benefits of sharing well curated data can not be overstated. To this end, we provide here the largest publicly-available MRI and intraoperative ultrasound imaging database of surgically treated brain tumors, including gliomas (n=92), metastases (n=11) and others (n=11). This collection contains 369 preoperative MRI series, 320 3D intraoperative ultrasound series, 300 301 intraoperative MRI series, and 358 segmentations collected from 114 consecutive patients at a single institution356 segmentations. We expect this data to be a resource for computational research in brain shift and image analysis as well as for neurosurgical training in the interpretation of intraoperative ultrasound and MRI for neurosurgery.To the best of our knowledge there are no other intraoperative brain tumor resection MRI and Ultrasound datasets in TCIA. Understanding brain shift, and accounting for it during brain tumor resection is an open problem, and this dataset may help computer vision researchers develop algorithms for image segmentation and registration to help understand how the brain shifts and deforms during surgery.intraoperative MRI. Imaging data:Preoperative MRI comprises four structural MRI sequences: native T1-weighted (T1), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (ceT1), native T2-weighted (T2), and T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR). These scans were acquired before surgery using various scanners at multiple institutions, making their acquisition parameters heterogeneous. Unlike preoperative MRI, all intraoperative MRI were acquired using a 3T wide-bore (70 cm) MRI scanner. All iUS series were acquired using a tracked 2D neuro-cranial curvilinear transducer. The transducer was swept unidirectionally through the craniotomy at a slow, consistent speed. This specific motion, in conjunction with the tracking, enabled the reconstruction of a 3D volume from the tracked 2D sweeps. Segmentation data:Various segmentations were created to assist the surgical resection. These include manual segmentations of the preoperative whole tumor, preoperative tumor target (i.e., the radiologically identifiable tumor specifically targeted for resection), resection cavity resulting from prior surgery (i.e., in case of reoperation), intraoperative residual tumor, and the automatic segmentations of cerebrum and ventricles (Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany). Only structures deemed necessary for the surgical resection by the attending neurosurgeon were segmented. Specifically, segmentations of the manual preoperative whole tumor (113 cases), preoperative tumor target segmentations (3 cases), manual previous resection cavity segmentations (21 cases), residual tumor segmentations (58 cases), and automated segmentations of the cerebrum (89 cases) and ventricles (54 cases). All cerebrum, ventricle, and tumor segmentations were created preoperatively during the surgical planning stage. In contrast, residual tumor segmentations were created intraoperatively from iMRI. Demographic information, including age, sex, and ethnicity, was obtained from the corresponding patient medical records. The age range of the included population was 20–76. The ratio of male:female was equal to 61:53. Moreover, clinico-pathologic data such as the tumor type, tumor grade, radiological characteristics upon contrast administration, tumor location, and the reoperation status were assessed by the treating neurosurgeons. Tumor type and grade were specified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Additionally, tumors were classified into one of 3 categories based on proximity to the functional cortex (non-eloquent, near eloquent, and eloquent). Pre-processing:The MRI and ultrasound images are provided in DICOM format. Segmentation files are provided in NRRD format (original format) and DICOM SEG (converted from NRRD). Data was converted from NRRD format to DICOM format using 3D Slicer (MR data), dicom3tools software (iUS data) and dcmqi (segmentation data). All MRI images were defaced using automatic affine registration or manual landmark registration with NiftyReg and the template and face mask provided in pydeface. The code of the algorithm is publicly available. |